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Urban
plan of Shibam (Yemen). The harmonious distribution of squares,
streets and blind alleys is the result of the sewage collection
used as fertilizer. Each house has a waste disposal system provided
with external outlets (marked in black). The latter overlook
narrow back streets, blind alleys or perimeter paths (drawn
in brown).
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Shibam
(Yemen). The sewage disposal system: a) organisation of a blind
alley (in yellow on the urban plan, fig. 346) to discharge the
solid and liquid waste dropping from the houses; b) the two-outlet
toilet which allows the separation of liquid and solid excrement;
c) the façade of a building equipped with sewage shafts and excrement
collection baskets.
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Ecological
dwelling based on solar energy, water harvesting and a hanging
garden. The roof garden consisting of a hanging roof made of vegetation
provides heat insulation both in winter in summer. Thanks to their
homeostatic qualities plants automatically regulate the protection
they give according to climatic conditions. This allows energy
for heating to be reduced by up to 50% and electric conditioning
to be completely avoided. In summer time on a roof made of vegetation
the temperature does not exceed 25 degrees, whereas a conventional
covering may reach 80 degrees. Furthermore, plants improve the
quality of the air by producing oxygen and retaining dust particles.
From an urban point of view the advantages are so significant
that in Tokyo, where the mean temperature increased three degrees
in the last few years, the city council has forced people to replace
roof tiles and cement with the roof gardens.
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Diagram
of the waste treatment system. Modern use of a traditional Yemenite
two-outlet toilet.
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The
residential complex of Hsb in Vasteras, the ecological courtyard
and the waste and wastewater management systems.
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